@article {gahlot2024uads,
	title = {An uncertainty-aware Digital Shadow for underground multimodal CO2 storage monitoring},
	journal = {Geophysical Journal International},
	year = {2025},
	note = {(Geophysical Journal International)},
	month = {5},
	abstract = {As a society, we are faced with important challenges to combat climate change. Geological Carbon Storage (GCS), during which gigatonnes of super-critical CO2 are stored underground, is arguably the only scalable net-negative CO2-emission technology that is available. While promising, subsurface complexities and heterogeneity of reservoir properties demand a systematic approach to quantify uncertainty when optimizing production and mitigating storage risks, which include assurances of Containment and Conformance of injected supercritical CO2. As a first step towards the design and implementation of a Digital Twin for monitoring and control of underground storage operations, a machine-learning-based data-assimilation framework is introduced and validated on carefully designed realistic numerical simulations. Because our implementation is based on Bayesian inference, but does not yet support control and decision-making, we coin our approach an uncertainty-aware Digital Shadow. To characterize the posterior distribution for the state of CO2 plumes (its CO2 concentration and pressure), conditioned on multi-modal time-lapse data, the envisioned Shadow combines techniques from Simulation-Based Inference (SBI) and Ensemble Bayesian Filtering to establish probabilistic baselines and assimilate multi-modal data for GCS problems that are challenged by large degrees of freedom, nonlinear multiphysics, non-Gaussianity, and computationally expensive to evaluate fluid-flow and seismic simulations. To enable SBI for dynamic systems, a recursive scheme is proposed where the Digital Shadow{\textquoteright}s neural networks are trained on simulated ensembles for their state and observed data (well and/or seismic). Once training is completed, the system{\textquoteright}s state is inferred when time-lapse field data becomes available. Contrary to ensemble Kalman filtering, corrections to the predicted simulated states are not based on linear updates, but instead follow during the Analysis step of Bayesian filtering from a prior-to-posterior mapping through the latent space of a nonlinear transform. Starting from a probabilistic model for the permeability field, derived from a baseline surface-seismic survey, the proposed Digital Shadow is validated on unseen simulated ground-truth time-lapse data. In this computational study, we observe that a lack of knowledge on the permeability field can be factored into the Digital Shadow{\textquoteright}s uncertainty quantification. Our results also indicate that the highest reconstruction quality is achieved when the state of the CO2 plume is conditioned on both time-lapse seismic data and wellbore measurements. Despite the incomplete knowledge of the permeability field, the proposed Digital Shadow was able to accurately track the unseen physical state of the subsurface throughout the duration of a realistic CO2 injection project. To the best of our knowledge, this work represents the first proof-of-concept of an uncertainty-aware, in-principle scalable, Digital Shadow that captures the uncertainty arising from unknown reservoir properties and noisy observations. This framework provides a foundation for the development of a Digital Twin aimed at mitigating risks and optimizing the management of underground storage projects.},
	keywords = {Bayesian inference, conditional normalizing flows, deep learning, digital twin, GCS, Inverse problems, sequential Bayes, Summary Statistics, Uncertainty quantification},
	doi = {10.1093/gji/ggaf176},
	url = {https://slim.gatech.edu/Publications/Public/Submitted/2024/gahlot2024uads/paper.html},
	author = {Abhinav Prakash Gahlot and Rafael Orozco and Ziyi Yin and Felix J. Herrmann}
}
@conference {herrmann2025HPCuam,
	title = {Uncertainty-aware machine-learning enabled velocity-model building with Devito},
	booktitle = {18th Annual Energy High Performance Computing Conference 2025, RICE},
	year = {2025},
	note = {18th Annual High Performance Computing Conference 2025},
	month = {02},
	pages = {4th Annual Devito User and Developer Workshop},
	keywords = {devito, FWI, HPC, inversion, JUDI, machine learning, RICE, software, Uncertainty quantification, velocity model},
	url = {https://slim.gatech.edu/Publications/Public/Conferences/RHPC/2025/herrmann2025HPCuam},
	author = {Felix J. Herrmann}
}
@conference {herrmann2024SIAMUQdt,
	title = {An Uncertainty-Aware Digital Twin for Geological Carbon Storage},
	booktitle = {SIAM Conference on Uncertainty Quantification},
	year = {2024},
	note = {(SIAM UQ, Trieste)},
	month = {03},
	abstract = {Arguably, Geological Carbon Storage constitutes the only truly scalable net-negative carbon emission technology. To mitigate its risks and optimize its operations, an uncertainty-aware Digital Twin is being developed. To leverage existing fluid-flow and seismic simulation and imaging capabilities, the envisioned twin combines techniques from sequential and simulation-based Bayesian inference to train its deep generative neural networks to draw samples from the posterior of the Digital Twin{\textquoteright}s state. Because these samples are conditioned on observed time-lapse field data, these twins are capable of capturing the dynamics of CO2 plumes and their uncertainty.},
	keywords = {Bayesian inference, CCS, deep learning, digital twin, GCS, Imaging, monitoring, SIAM, Uncertainty quantification},
	url = {https://slim.gatech.edu/Publications/Public/Conferences/SIAMUQ/2024/digital-twin},
	author = {Abhinav Prakash Gahlot and Rafael Orozco and Haoyun Li and Grant Bruer and Ziyi Yin and Mathias Louboutin and Felix J. Herrmann}
}
@presentation {orozco2023ML4SEISMICuqs,
	title = {Uncertainty quantification so what? Leveraging probabilistic seismic inversion for experimental design},
	year = {2023},
	month = {11},
	abstract = {Combining physics with recent developments of generative machine learning enables a scalable probabilistic framework for tackling seismic inversion problems including Full-Waveform Inversion. These probabilistic results can be proven to be from the Bayesian posterior but how exactly can we use them for practical downstream tasks? In this talk, we answer the question with a practical application of the probabilistic framework towards designing ocean bottom node placement of seismic imaging. With a simple adjustment to the original training objective, we show that jointly optimizing for an experimental design corresponds to maximizing the expected information gain used by the Bayesian community. After verifying this novel joint optimization with a stylized problem, we demonstrate its application for optimizing the placement of ocean bottom nodes in a synthetic seismic imaging experiment.},
	keywords = {bayesian, experimental design, FWI, ML4SEISMIC, Normalizing flows, SLIM, Uncertainty quantification},
	url = {https://slim.gatech.edu/Publications/Public/Conferences/ML4SEISMIC/2023/orozco2023ML4SEISMICuqs},
	author = {Rafael Orozco and Mathias Louboutin and Peng Chen and Felix J. Herrmann}
}
@conference {yin2023EMIutm,
	title = {Uncertainty-aware time-lapse monitoring of geological carbon storage with learned surrogates},
	booktitle = {Engineering Mechanics Institute Conference},
	year = {2023},
	note = {(EMI, Atlanta)},
	month = {06},
	abstract = {Time-lapse seismic monitoring of CO2 sequestration is computationally expensive as it involves modeling of both fluid-flow physics and wave physics. It also requires differentiation through the solvers with respect to properties of interest in the subsurface. In this talk, we present a learned end-to-end inversion framework, which uses a pre-trained Fourier neural operator as a learned surrogate for the fluid-flow simulator in order to greatly reduces the cost associated with fluid-flow modeling and differentiation through the solver. Through synthetic experiments, we demonstrate the efficacy of this framework on inverting the subsurface permeability of the reservoir and on monitoring CO2 plumes. We further quantify the uncertainty of the permeability and CO2 plumes with conditional normalizing flow. With this framework, we can also forecast the growth of CO2 plumes in the future with uncertainty estimation without any acquired seismic data.},
	keywords = {amortized Bayes, conditional normalizing flows, deep learning, EMI, end-to-end, Fourier neural operators, GCS, inversion, machine learning, Normalizing flows, time-lapse, uncertain quantification},
	url = {https://slim.gatech.edu/Publications/Public/Conferences/EMI/2023/yin2023EMIutm/yin2023EMIutm.pdf},
	presentation = {https://slim.gatech.edu/Publications/Public/Conferences/EMI/2023/yin2023EMIutm/index.html},
	author = {Ziyi Yin and Rafael Orozco and Mathias Louboutin and Ali Siahkoohi and Felix J. Herrmann}
}
@presentation {herrmann2022DIRACCudt,
	title = {Uncertainty-aware Digital Twin for Monitoring Geological Carbon Storage},
	year = {2022},
	note = {(Diracc inaugural meeting, Atlanta)},
	month = {11},
	keywords = {CAM, CCS, classification, digital twin, Diracc, explainability, SLIM, time-lapse, uncertain quantification},
	url = {https://slim.gatech.edu/Publications/Public/Conferences/Diracc/2022/herrmann2022DIRACCudt/index.html},
	author = {Felix J. Herrmann}
}
@presentation {yin2022ML4SEISMICutc,
	title = {Uncertainty-aware time-lapse CO$_2$ monitoring with learned end-to-end inversion},
	year = {2022},
	month = {11},
	abstract = {Seismic monitoring of CO2 sequestration is computationally expensive as it involves modeling of both fluid-flow physics modeling and wave physics and differentiation through the solvers with respect to the subsurface properties of interest. In this talk, we demonstrate the effectiveness of learned coupled inversion framework using a pre-trained Fourier neural operator as a learned surrogate for the fluid-flow simulator, which greatly reduces the cost associated with fluid-flow modeling and differentiation through the solver. We study the effectiveness and correctness of inversion based on Fourier neural operator surrogate and a normalizing flow prior. We also demonstrate the efficacy of this framework on monitoring the growth of CO2 plumes during sequestration, and on uncertainty quantification of the permeability and CO2 plumes with conditional normalizing flow. With this framework, we can further forecast the CO2 plume in the future without any acquired seismic data with uncertainty estimation.},
	keywords = {amortized Bayes, conditional normalizing flows, deep learning, Fourier neural operators, GCS, inversion, machine learning, ML4SEISMIC, Normalizing flows, SLIM, time-lapse, uncertain quantification},
	url = {https://slim.gatech.edu/Publications/Public/Conferences/ML4SEISMIC/2022/yin2022ML4SEISMICutc/index.html},
	author = {Ziyi Yin and Rafael Orozco and Ali Siahkoohi and Mathias Louboutin and Felix J. Herrmann}
}
@conference {louboutin2021SEGulm,
	title = {Ultra-low memory seismic inversion with randomized trace estimation},
	booktitle = {SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts},
	year = {2021},
	note = {(IMAGE, Denver)},
	month = {09},
	pages = {787-791},
	abstract = {Inspired by recent work on extended image volumes that lays the ground for randomized probing of extremely large seismic wavefield matrices, we present a memory frugal and computationally efficient inversion methodology that uses techniques from randomized linear algebra. By means of a carefully selected realistic synthetic example, we demonstrate that we are capable of achieving competitive inversion results at a fraction of the memory cost of conventional full-waveform inversion with limited computational overhead. By exchanging memory for negligible computational overhead, we open with the presented technology the door towards the use of low-memory accelerators such as GPUs.},
	keywords = {FWI, HPC, inversion, randomized linear algebra, SEG},
	doi = {10.1190/segam2021-3584072.1},
	url = {https://slim.gatech.edu/Publications/Public/Conferences/SEG/2021/louboutin2021SEGulm/louboutinp.html},
	url2 = {https://slim.gatech.edu/Publications/Public/Conferences/SEG/2021/louboutin2021SEGulm/louboutin2021SEGulm.mp4},
	software = {https://github.com/slimgroup/TimeProbeSeismic.jl},
	author = {Mathias Louboutin and Felix J. Herrmann}
}
@presentation {siahkoohi2021ML4SEISMICuqi,
	title = {Uncertainty quantification in imaging and automatic horizon tracking{\textemdash}a Bayesian deep-prior based approach},
	year = {2021},
	month = {11},
	abstract = {In inverse problems, uncertainty quantification (UQ) deals with a probabilistic description of the solution nonuniqueness and data noise sensitivity. Setting seismic imaging into a Bayesian framework allows for a principled way of studying uncertainty by solving for the model posterior distribution. Imaging, however, typically constitutes only the first stage of a sequential workflow, and UQ becomes even more relevant when applied to subsequent tasks that are highly sensitive to the inversion outcome. In this paper, we focus on how UQ trickles down to horizon tracking for the determination of stratigraphic models and investigate its sensitivity with respect to the imaging result. As such, the main contribution of this work consists in a data-guided approach to horizon tracking uncertainty analysis. This work is fundamentally based on a special reparameterization of reflectivity, known as {\textquotedblleft}deep prior{\textquotedblright}. Feasible models are restricted to the output of a convolutional neural network with a fixed input, while weights and biases are Gaussian random variables. Given a deep prior model, the network parameters are sampled from the posterior distribution via a Markov chain Monte Carlo method, from which the conditional mean and point-wise standard deviation of the inferred reflectivities are approximated. For each sample of the posterior distribution, a reflectivity is generated, and the horizons are tracked automatically. In this way, uncertainty on model parameters naturally translates to horizon tracking. As part of the validation for the proposed approach, we verified that the estimated confidence intervals for the horizon tracking coincide with geologically complex regions, such as faults.},
	keywords = {horizon picking, Imaging, machine learning, ML4SEISMIC, SLIM, Uncertainty quantification},
	url = {https://slim.gatech.edu/Publications/Public/Conferences/ML4SEISMIC/2021/siahkoohi2021ML4SEISMICuqi/Mon-11-20-Siahkoohi.pdf},
	author = {Ali Siahkoohi and Gabrio Rizzuti and Felix J. Herrmann}
}
@conference {siahkoohi2020SEGuqi,
	title = {Uncertainty quantification in imaging and automatic horizon tracking{\textemdash}a Bayesian deep-prior based approach},
	booktitle = {SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts},
	year = {2020},
	note = {(SEG, virtual)},
	month = {09},
	pages = {1636-1640},
	abstract = {In inverse problems, uncertainty quantification (UQ) deals with a probabilistic description of the solution nonuniqueness and data noise sensitivity. Setting seismic imaging into a Bayesian framework allows for a principled way of studying uncertainty by solving for the model posterior distribution. Imaging, however, typically constitutes only the first stage of a sequential workflow, and UQ becomes even more relevant when applied to subsequent tasks that are highly sensitive to the inversion outcome. In this paper, we focus on how UQ trickles down to horizon tracking for the determination of stratigraphic models and investigate its sensitivity with respect to the imaging result. As such, the main contribution of this work consists in a data-guided approach to horizon tracking uncertainty analysis. This work is fundamentally based on a special reparameterization of reflectivity, known as "deep prior". Feasible models are restricted to the output of a convolutional neural network with a fixed input, while weights and biases are Gaussian random variables. Given a deep prior model, the network parameters are sampled from the posterior distribution via a Markov chain Monte Carlo method, from which the conditional mean and point-wise standard deviation of the inferred reflectivities are approximated. For each sample of the posterior distribution, a reflectivity is generated, and the horizons are tracked automatically. In this way, uncertainty on model parameters naturally translates to horizon tracking. As part of the validation for the proposed approach, we verified that the estimated confidence intervals for the horizon tracking coincide with geologically complex regions, such as faults.},
	keywords = {horizon picking, Imaging, machine learning, SEG, Uncertainty quantification},
	doi = {10.1190/segam2020-3417560.1},
	url = {https://slim.gatech.edu/Publications/Public/Conferences/SEG/2020/siahkoohi2020SEGuqi/siahkoohi2020SEGuqi.html},
	presentation = {https://slim.gatech.edu/Publications/Public/Conferences/SEG/2020/siahkoohi2020SEGuqi/siahkoohi2020SEGuqi_pres.pdf},
	url2 = {https://slim.gatech.edu/Publications/Public/Conferences/SEG/2020/siahkoohi2020SEGuqi/siahkoohi2020SEGuqi_pres.mp4},
	software = {https://github.com/slimgroup/Software.SEG2020},
	author = {Ali Siahkoohi and Gabrio Rizzuti and Felix J. Herrmann}
}
@conference {siahkoohi2020SIAMTXLAudg,
	title = {Unsupervised data-guided uncertainty analysis in imaging and horizon tracking},
	booktitle = {SIAM Texas-Louisiana},
	year = {2020},
	note = {SIAMTXLA},
	month = {10},
	abstract = {Imaging typically is the first stage of a sequential workflow, and uncertainty quantification becomes more relevant when applied to subsequent tasks. We propose a Bayesian approach to horizon tracking uncertainty analysis, where we deploy a deep prior instead of adhering to handcrafted priors. By passing samples from the posterior distribution obtained via stochastic gradient Langevin dynamics to an automatic horizon tracker, we are able to incorporate the uncertainty on model parameters into horizon tracking.},
	keywords = {deep learning, horizon tracking, McMC, Uncertainty quantification},
	url = {https://slim.gatech.edu/Publications/Public/Conferences/SIAMTXLA/2020/siahkoohi2020SIAMTXLAudg/siahkoohi2020SIAMTXLAudg_pres.pdf},
	author = {Ali Siahkoohi and Gabrio Rizzuti and Mathias Louboutin and Felix J. Herrmann}
}
@article {dasilva2017uls,
	title = {A unified 2D/3D large scale software environment for nonlinear inverse problems},
	journal = {ACM Transactions on Mathematical Software},
	year = {2019},
	note = {Accepted on January 27, 2019.},
	abstract = {Large scale parameter estimation problems are some of the most computationally demanding problems. An academic researcher{\textquoteright}s domain-specific knowledge often precludes that of software design, which results in software frameworks for inversion that are technically correct, but not scalable to realistically-sized problems. On the other hand, the computational demands of the problem for realistic problems result in industrial codebases that are geared solely for performance, rather than comprehensibility or flexibility. We propose a new software design that bridges the gap between these two seemingly disparate worlds. A hierarchical and modular design allows a user to delve into as much detail as she desires, while using high performance primitives at the lower levels. Our code has the added benefit of actually reflecting the underlying mathematics of the problem, which lowers the cognitive load on user using it and reduces the initial startup period before a researcher can be fully productive. We also introduce a new preconditioner for the Helmholtz equation that is suitable for fault-tolerant distributed systems. Numerical experiments on a variety of 2D and 3D test problems demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach on scaling algorithms from small to large scale problems with minimal code changes.},
	keywords = {large scale, Matlab, Optimization, PDE-constrained inversion},
	url = {https://slim.gatech.edu/Publications/Public/Journals/ACMTOMS/2019/dasilva2017uls/dasilva2017uls.html},
	author = {Curt Da Silva and Felix J. Herrmann}
}
@article {fang2017uqfip,
	title = {Uncertainty quantification for inverse problems with weak partial-differential-equation constraints},
	journal = {Geophysics},
	volume = {83},
	number = {6},
	year = {2018},
	note = {(Geophysics)},
	pages = {R629-R647},
	abstract = {In a statistical inverse problem, the objective is a complete statistical description of unknown parameters from noisy observations in order to quantify uncertainties of the parameters of interest. We consider inverse problems with partial-differential-equation-constraints, which are applicable to a variety of seismic problems. Bayesian inference is one of the most widely-used approaches to precisely quantify statistics through a posterior distribution, incorporating uncertainties in observed data, modeling kernel, and prior knowledge of the parameters. Typically when formulating the posterior distribution, the partial-differential-equation-constraints are required to be exactly satisfied, resulting in a highly nonlinear forward map and a posterior distribution with many local maxima. These drawbacks make it difficult to find an appropriate approximation for the posterior distribution. Another complicating factor is that traditional Markov chain Monte Carlo methods are known to converge slowly for realistically sized problems. In this work, we relax the partial-differential-equation-constraints by introducing an auxiliary variable, which allows for Gaussian deviations in the partial-differential-equations. Thus, we obtain a new bilinear posterior distribution consisting of both data and partial-differential-equation misfit terms. We illustrate that for a particular range of variance choices for the partial-differential-equation misfit term, the new posterior distribution has fewer modes and can be well-approximated by a Gaussian distribution, which can then be sampled in a straightforward manner. Since it is prohibitively expensive to explicitly construct the dense covariance matrix of the Gaussian approximation for intermediate to large-scale problems, we present a method to implicitly construct it, which enables efficient sampling. We apply this framework to two-dimensional seismic inverse problems with 1,800 and 92,455 unknown parameters. The results illustrate that our framework can produce comparable statistical quantities to those produced by conventional Markov chain Monte Carlo type methods while requiring far fewer partial-differential-equation solves, which are the main computational bottlenecks in these problems.},
	keywords = {acoustic, FWI, UQ, weak-constraint},
	doi = {10.1190/geo2017-0824.1},
	url = {https://slim.gatech.edu/Publications/Public/Journals/Geophysics/2018/fang2017uqfip/fang2017uqfip.html},
	author = {Zhilong Fang and Curt Da Silva and Rachel Kuske and Felix J. Herrmann}
}
@conference {fang2017WAVESuqf,
	title = {Uncertainty quantification for inverse problems with a weak wave-equation constraint},
	booktitle = {WAVES 2017 {\textendash}- 13th International Conference on Mathematical and Numerical Aspects of Wave Propagation},
	year = {2017},
	note = {(WAVES, Minneapolis)},
	month = {05},
	pages = {127-128},
	abstract = {In this work, we present a new posterior distribution to quantify uncertainties in solutions of wave-equation based inverse problems. By introducing an auxiliary variable for the wavefields, we weaken the strict wave-equation constraint used by conventional Bayesian approaches. With this weak constraint, the new posterior distribution is a bi-Gaussian distribution with respect to both model parameters and wavefields, which can be directly sampled by the Gibbs sampling method.},
	keywords = {constraint, Gibbs sampling, uncertainty, wave equation},
	url = {https://slim.gatech.edu/Publications/Public/Conferences/WAVES/2017/fang2017WAVESuqf/fang2017WAVESuqf.html},
	presentation = {https://slim.gatech.edu/Publications/Public/Conferences/WAVES/2017/fang2017WAVESuqf/fang2017WAVESuqf_pres.pdf},
	author = {Zhilong Fang and Curt Da Silva and Rachel Kuske and Felix J. Herrmann}
}
@conference {fang2016SEGuqw,
	title = {Uncertainty quantification for Wavefield Reconstruction Inversion using a PDE free semidefinite Hessian and randomize-then-optimize method},
	booktitle = {SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts},
	year = {2016},
	note = {(SEG, Dallas)},
	month = {10},
	pages = {1390-1394},
	abstract = {The data of full-waveform inversion often contains noise, which induces uncertainties in the inversion results. Ideally, one would like to run a number of independent inversions with different realizations of the noise and assess model-side uncertainties from the resulting models, however this is not feasible because we collect the data only once. To circumvent this restriction, various sampling schemes have been devised to generate an ensemble of models that fit the data to within the noise level. Such sampling schemes typically involve running multiple inversions or evaluating the Hessian of the cost function, both of which are computationally expensive. In this work, we propose a new method to quantify uncertainties based on a novel formulation of the full-waveform inversion problem {\textendash} wavefield reconstruction inversion. Based on this formulation, we formulate a semidefinite approximation of the corresponding Hessian matrix. By precomputing certain quantities, we are able to apply this Hessian to given input vectors without additional solutions of the underlying partial differential equations. To generate a sample, we solve an auxiliary stochastic optimization problem involving this Hessian. The result is a computationally feasible method that, with little overhead, can generate as many samples as required at small additional cost. We test our method on the synthetic BG Compass model and compare the results to a direct-sampling approach. The results show the feasibility of applying our method to computing statistical quantities such as the mean and standard deviation in the context of wavefield reconstruction inversion.},
	keywords = {SEG, Uncertainty quantification, WRI},
	doi = {10.1190/segam2016-13879108.1},
	url = {https://slim.gatech.edu/Publications/Public/Conferences/SEG/2016/fang2016SEGuqw/fang2016SEGuqw.html},
	presentation = {https://slim.gatech.edu/Publications/Public/Conferences/SEG/2016/fang2016SEGuqw/fang2016SEGuqw_pres.pdf},
	author = {Zhilong Fang and Chia Ying Lee and Curt Da Silva and Tristan van Leeuwen and Felix J. Herrmann}
}
@conference {dasilva2016SEGuse,
	title = {A unified 2D/3D software environment for large scale time-harmonic full waveform inversion},
	booktitle = {SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts},
	year = {2016},
	note = {(SEG, Dallas)},
	month = {10},
	pages = {1169-1173},
	abstract = {Full-Waveform Inversion is a costly and complex procedure for realistically sized 3D seismic data. The performance-critical nature of this problem often results in software environments that are written entirely in low-level languages, making them hard to understand, maintain, improve, and extend. The unreadability of such codes can stymie research developments, where the translation from higher level mathematical ideas to high performance codes can be lost, inhibiting the uptake of new ideas in production-level codebases. We propose a new software organization paradigm for Full-Waveform Inversion and other PDE-constrained optimization problems that is flexible, efficient, scalable, and demonstrably correct. We decompose the various structural components of FWI in to its constituent components, from parallel computation to assembling objective functions and gradients to lower level matrix-vector multiplications. This decomposition allows us to create a framework where individual components can be easily swapped out to suit a particular user{\textquoteright}s existing software environment. The ease of applying high-level algorithms to the FWI problem allows us to easily implement stochastic FWI and demonstrate its effectiveness on a large scale 3D problem.},
	keywords = {Full-waveform inversion, large scale, numerical analysis, SEG, software},
	doi = {10.1190/segam2016-13869051.1},
	url = {https://slim.gatech.edu/Publications/Public/Conferences/SEG/2016/dasilva2016SEGuse/dasilva2016SEGuse.html},
	presentation = {https://slim.gatech.edu/Publications/Public/Conferences/SEG/2016/dasilva2016SEGuse/dasilva2016SEGuse_pres.pdf},
	author = {Curt Da Silva and Felix J. Herrmann}
}
@presentation {dasilva2016SINBADFuse,
	title = {A unified 2D/3D software environment for large scale time-harmonic full waveform inversion},
	year = {2016},
	publisher = {SINBAD},
	abstract = {Full Waveform Inversion is a costly and complex procedure, resulting in industrial codebases that are often written entirely in low-level languages, making them hard to understand, maintain, improve, and extend. In this work, we propose a software framework for organizing a 3D FWI environment that helps mitigate design complexities inherent in the problem in a straightforward way while delegating the performance-critical portions to low level languages to maintain efficiency. The result is a software framework that has a unified interface for 2D and 3D and is flexible, efficient, scalable, and demonstrably correct. We demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach on a large scale 3D FWI example.},
	keywords = {Presentation, SINBAD, SINBADFALL2016, SLIM},
	url = {https://slim.gatech.edu/Publications/Public/Conferences/SINBAD/2016/Fall/dasilva2016SINBADFuse/dasilva2016SINBADFuse.pdf},
	url2 = {https://slim.gatech.edu/Publications/Public/Conferences/SINBAD/2016/Fall/dasilva2016SINBADFuse/dasilva2016SINBADFuse.mov},
	author = {Curt Da Silva and Felix J. Herrmann}
}
@article {bougher2015CSEGust,
	title = {Using the scattering transform to predict stratigraphic units from well logs},
	journal = {CSEG Recorder},
	volume = {41},
	number = {1},
	year = {2016},
	note = {(CSEG Recorder)},
	month = {01},
	pages = {22-25},
	abstract = {Much of geophysical interpretation relies on trained pattern recognition of signals and images, a workflow that can be modeled by supervised machine learning. A challenge of supervised learning is determining a physically meaningful feature set that can successfully classify the data. Defined by a network of cascading wavelets, the scattering transform provides a non-linear multiscale analysis that has deep connections to the fractal statistics of the signal. Interestingly, the scattering transform takes the form of a pre-trained convolutional neural network. This paper uses the scattering transform to extract features from well logs in order to train a classifier that can predict stratigraphic units. The methodology is tested on interpreted well logs from Trenton-Black River project and initial results are presented.},
	keywords = {machine learning, scattering transform, well logs},
	url = {https://slim.gatech.edu/Publications/Public/Journals/CSEGRecorder/2016/bougher2015CSEGust/bougher2015CSEGust.html},
	url2 = {http://csegrecorder.com/articles/view/using-the-scattering-transform-to-predict-strat-units-from-well-logs},
	author = {Ben B. Bougher and Felix J. Herrmann}
}
@conference {fang2015EAGEuqw,
	title = {Uncertainty quantification for Wavefield Reconstruction Inversion},
	booktitle = {EAGE Annual Conference Proceedings},
	year = {2015},
	note = {(EAGE, Madrid)},
	month = {06},
	abstract = {In this work, we propose a method to quantify the uncertainty of wavefield reconstruction inversion under the framework of Bayesian inference. Unlike the conventional method using the wave equation as the forward mapping, we involve the wave equation misfit in the posterior distribution and propose a new posterior distribution. The negative log-likelihood of the new distribution is less oscillatory than that of the conventional posterior distribution, and its Gauss-Newton Hessian is a diagonal matrix that can be generated without any additional computational cost. We use the diagonal Gauss-Newton Hessian to derive an approximate Gaussian distribution at the maximum likelihood point to quantify the uncertainty. This method makes the uncertainty quantification for WRI computationally tractable and is able to provide reasonable uncertainty analysis based on our numerical results.},
	keywords = {EAGE, FWI, UQ, WRI},
	doi = {10.3997/2214-4609.201413198},
	url = {https://slim.gatech.edu/Publications/Public/Conferences/EAGE/2015/fang2015EAGEuqw/fang2015EAGEuqw.html},
	presentation = {https://slim.gatech.edu/Publications/Public/Conferences/EAGE/2015/fang2015EAGEuqw/fang2015EAGEuqw_pres.pdf},
	author = {Zhilong Fang and Chia Ying Lee and Curt Da Silva and Felix J. Herrmann and Rachel Kuske}
}
@conference {fang2015IIPFWIuqw,
	title = {Uncertainty quantification for Wavefield Reconstruction Inversion},
	booktitle = {Inaugural Full-Waveform Inversion Workshop},
	year = {2015},
	note = {(Natal, Brazil)},
	month = {08-09},
	abstract = {In this work, we propose a method to quantify the uncertainty of wavefield reconstruction inversion under the framework of Bayesian inference. Unlike the conventional method using the wave equation as the forward mapping, we involve the wave equation misfit in the posterior distribution and propose a new posterior distribution. The negative log-likelihood of the new distribution is less oscillatory than that of the conventional posterior distribution, and its Gauss-Newton Hessian is a diagonal matrix that can be generated without any additional computational cost. We use the diagonal Gauss-Newton Hessian to derive an approximate Gaussian distribution at the maximum likelihood point to quantify the uncertainty. This method makes the uncertainty quantification for WRI computationally tractable and is able to provide reasonable uncertainty analysis based on our numerical results.},
	keywords = {FWI, uncertainty, WRI},
	presentation = {https://slim.gatech.edu/Publications/Public/Conferences/IIPFWI/fang2015IIPFWIuqw/fang2015IIPFWIuqw_pres.pdf},
	author = {Zhilong Fang and Chia Ying Lee and Curt Da Silva and Felix J. Herrmann and Rachel Kuske}
}
@presentation {fang2015SINBADFuqw,
	title = {Uncertainty quantification for Wavefield-Reconstruction Inversion using a positive-definite approximated Hessian},
	year = {2015},
	publisher = {SINBAD},
	abstract = {We analyze the Hessian of wavefield reconstruction inversion (WRI) and propose a new approximated Hessian. Instead of requiring PDE solves, the matrix-vector multiplication action of the approximate Hessian can be achieved with several matrix-vector multiplications. The diagonal part of the approximated Hessian can be also calculated without additional PDE solves. We apply this approximated Hessian to uncertainty quantification and obtain statistical parameters such as standard deviation and confidence interval. Numerical example illustrate the accuracy of the estimated Hessian and the feasibility of the method to quantify uncertainties.},
	keywords = {Presentation, SINBAD, SINBADFALL2015, SLIM},
	url = {https://slim.gatech.edu/Publications/Public/Conferences/SINBAD/2015/Fall/fang2015SINBADFuqw/fang2015SINBADFuqw.pdf},
	url2 = {https://slim.gatech.edu/Publications/Public/Conferences/SINBAD/2015/Fall/fang2015SINBADFuqw/fang2015SINBADFuqw.mov},
	author = {Zhilong Fang and Chia Ying Lee and Curt Da Silva and Felix J. Herrmann and Rachel Kuske}
}
@presentation {lopez2015SINBADFumc,
	title = {Universal matrix completion: applications to seismic data acquisition},
	year = {2015},
	publisher = {SINBAD},
	abstract = {This talk discusses the potential applications of universal matrix completion for infill management and acquisition design. We consider recent developments in the theory of matrix completion that produce practical tools to quantify how successful a given sub sampling mask will be for seismic trace interpolation via nuclear norm minimization. This approach provides an on the fly infill management system as well as instruments to design acquisition schemes that favor interpolation via rank penalization techniques.},
	keywords = {Presentation, SINBAD, SINBADFALL2015, SLIM},
	url = {https://slim.gatech.edu/Publications/Public/Conferences/SINBAD/2015/Fall/lopez2015SINBADFumc/lopez2015SINBADFumc.pdf},
	url2 = {https://slim.gatech.edu/Publications/Public/Conferences/SINBAD/2015/Fall/lopez2015SINBADFumc/lopez2015SINBADFumc.mov},
	author = {Oscar Lopez and Haneet Wason and Rajiv Kumar and Felix J. Herrmann}
}
@conference {oghenekohwo2015EAGEuci,
	title = {Using common information in compressive time-lapse full-waveform inversion},
	booktitle = {EAGE Annual Conference Proceedings},
	year = {2015},
	note = {(EAGE, Madrid)},
	month = {06},
	abstract = {The use of time-lapse seismic data to monitor changes in the subsurface has become standard practice in industry. In addition, full-waveform inversion has also been extended to time-lapse seismic to obtain useful time-lapse information. The computational cost of this method are becoming more pronounced as the volume of data increases. Therefore, it is necessary to develop fast inversion algorithms that can also give improved time-lapse results. Rather than following existing joint inversion algorithms, we are motivated by a joint recovery model which exploits the common information among the baseline and monitor data. We propose a joint inversion framework, leveraging ideas from distributed compressive sensing and the modified Gauss-Newton method for full-waveform inversion, by using the shared information in the time-lapse data. Our results on a realistic synthetic example highlight the benefits of our joint inversion approach over a parallel inversion method that does not exploit the shared information. Preliminary results also indicate that our formulation can address time-lapse data with inconsistent acquisition geometries.},
	keywords = {EAGE, FWI, time-lapse},
	doi = {10.3997/2214-4609.201413086},
	url = {https://slim.gatech.edu/Publications/Public/Conferences/EAGE/2015/oghenekohwo2015EAGEuci/oghenekohwo2015EAGEuci.html},
	presentation = {https://slim.gatech.edu/Publications/Public/Conferences/EAGE/2015/oghenekohwo2015EAGEuci/oghenekohwo2015EAGEuci_poster.pdf},
	author = {Felix Oghenekohwo and Rajiv Kumar and Ernie Esser and Felix J. Herrmann}
}
@presentation {fang2014SINBADuqw,
	title = {Uncertainty quantification for Wavefield Reconstruction Inversion},
	year = {2014},
	publisher = {SINBAD},
	abstract = {This talk discusses the uncertainty quantification for the wavefield reconstruction inversion. The Hessian and gradient of the WRI can be easily obtained once the wave field is generated. As a result, we use a Newton type McMC method to sample the posterior distribution. Statistical property such as mean, standard deviation, confidence interval are calculated based on the sampled distribution.},
	keywords = {Presentation, SINBAD, SINBADFALL2014, SLIM},
	url = {https://slim.gatech.edu/Publications/Public/Conferences/SINBAD/2014/Fall/fang2014SINBADuqw/fang2014SINBADuqw.pdf},
	author = {Zhilong Fang and Chia Ying Lee and Curt Da Silva and Felix J. Herrmann and Rachel Kuske}
}
@presentation {oghenekohwo2014SINBADuwc,
	title = {Use what{\textquoteleft}s in common: time-lapse FWI with distributed Compressive Sensing},
	year = {2014},
	publisher = {SINBAD},
	abstract = {In this talk, we will extend our joint recovery formulation to FWI in time-lapse seismic, using the modified Gauss-Newton approach. Leveraging ideas from distributed compressive sensing, we exploit shared information in the sparse model perturbations of the baseline and monitor data.},
	keywords = {Presentation, SINBAD, SINBADFALL2014, SLIM},
	url = {https://slim.gatech.edu/Publications/Public/Conferences/SINBAD/2014/Fall/oghenekohwo2014SINBADuwc/oghenekohwo2014SINBADuwc.pdf},
	author = {Felix Oghenekohwo and Rajiv Kumar and Ernie Esser and Felix J. Herrmann}
}
@presentation {fang2013SINBADuafwi,
	title = {Uncertainty analysis for FWI},
	year = {2013},
	publisher = {SINBAD},
	abstract = {Uncertainty analysis is important for seismic interpretation. Based on the framework of Bayesian, we can analyse different statistic parameters of our FWI result. However, directly sampling the posterior probability density function (pdf) is computationally intractable. In order to make this problem computationally tractable, in this work, we use Gaussian distribution approximation and low rank approximation to generate the posterior pdf. Simultaneous shots are also used to reduce the computational costs.},
	keywords = {Presentation, SINBAD, SINBADFALL2013, SLIM},
	url = {https://slim.gatech.edu/Publications/Public/Conferences/SINBAD/2013/Fall/fang2013SINBADuafwi/fang2013SINBADuafwi.pdf},
	author = {Zhilong Fang and Felix J. Herrmann}
}
@presentation {ghadermarzy2013SINBADups,
	title = {Using prior support information in approximate message passing algorithms},
	year = {2013},
	publisher = {SINBAD},
	abstract = {Consider the standard compressed sensing problem. We want to recover sparse compressible aorsignal from few linear measurements. In this talk we investigate recovery performance when we have prior information about the support, i.e., the indices of the non-zero entries, of the signal to be recovered. First we briefly review the results of "weighted $\ell_p$ minimization algorithm with p = 1 and 0 < p < 1". Then we derive a weighted approximate message passing (AMP) algorithm which incorporates prior support information into the AMP algorithm. We empirically show that this algorithm recovers sparse signals significantly faster than weighted $\ell_1$ minimization. We also introduce a reweighting scheme for AMP and weighted AMP which, we observe, substantially improves the recovery conditions of these algorithms. We illustrate our results with extensive numerical experiments on synthetic data and seismic data reconstruction.},
	keywords = {Presentation, SINBAD, SINBADFALL2013, SLIM},
	url = {https://slim.gatech.edu/Publications/Public/Conferences/SINBAD/2013/Fall/ghadermarzy2013SINBADups/ghadermarzy2013SINBADups.pdf},
	author = {Navid Ghadermarzy and Ozgur Yilmaz and Felix J. Herrmann}
}
@conference {vanderneut2012EAGEdecomp,
	title = {Up / down wavefield decomposition by sparse inversion},
	booktitle = {EAGE Annual Conference Proceedings},
	year = {2012},
	month = {06},
	abstract = {Expressions have been derived for the decomposition of multi-component seismic recordings into up- and down-going constituents. However, these expressions contain singularities at critical angles and can be sensitive for noise. By interpreting wavefield decomposition as an inverse problem and imposing constraints on the sparseness of the solution, we arrive at a robust formalism that can be applied to noisy data. The method is demonstrated on synthetic data with multi-component receivers in a horizontal borehole, but can also be applied for different configurations, including OBC and dual-sensor streamers.},
	keywords = {EAGE, sparse inversion, wavefield decomposition},
	url = {https://slim.gatech.edu/Publications/Public/Conferences/EAGE/2012/vanderneut2012EAGEdecomp/vanderneut2012EAGEdecomp.pdf},
	presentation = {https://slim.gatech.edu/Publications/Public/Conferences/EAGE/2012/vanderneut2012EAGEdecomp/vanderneut2012EAGEdecomp_pres.pdf},
	url2 = {http://earthdoc.eage.org/publication/publicationdetails/?publication=58907},
	author = {Joost van der Neut and Felix J. Herrmann}
}
@conference {lin2009SEGucs,
	title = {Unified compressive sensing framework for simultaneous acquisition with primary estimation},
	booktitle = {SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts},
	volume = {28},
	year = {2009},
	month = {10},
	pages = {3113-3117},
	abstract = {The central promise of simultaneous acquisition is a vastly improved crew efficiency during acquisition at the cost of additional post-processing to obtain conventional source-separated data volumes. Using recent theories from the field of compressive sensing, we present a way to systematically model the effects of simultaneous acquisition. Our formulation form a new framework in the study of acquisition design and naturally leads to an inversion-based approach for the separation of shot records. Furthermore, we show how other inversion-based methods, such as a recently proposed method from van Groenestijn and Verschuur (2009) for primary estimation, can be processed together with the demultiplexing problem to achieve a better result compared to a separate treatment of these problems.},
	keywords = {Presentation, SEG},
	doi = {10.1190/1.3255502},
	url = {https://slim.gatech.edu/Publications/Public/Conferences/SEG/2009/lin09SEGucs/lin09SEGucs.pdf},
	presentation = {https://slim.gatech.edu/Publications/Public/Conferences/SEG/2009/lin09SEGucs/lin09SEGucs_pres.pdf},
	author = {Tim T.Y. Lin and Felix J. Herrmann}
}
