@article {lin2015scatterEPSI,
	title = {Estimation of primaries by sparse inversion with scattering-based multiple predictions for data with large gaps},
	journal = {Geophysics},
	volume = {81},
	number = {3},
	year = {2016},
	note = {(Geophysics)},
	month = {05},
	pages = {V183-V197},
	abstract = {We propose to solve the Estimation of Primaries by Sparse Inversion problem without any explicit data reconstruction, from a seismic record with missing near-offsets and large holes in the acquisition grid which does not produce aliasing but otherwise causes large errors in the multiple prediction. Exclusion of the unknown data as an inversion variable from the process is desirable, since it sidesteps possible issues arising from fitting observations that are also unknowns in the same inversion problem. Instead, we simulate their multiple contributions by augmenting the forward prediction model for the total wavefield with a scattering series that mimics the action of the free surface reflector within the confines of the unobserved trace locations. Each term in this scattering series simply involves convolution of the predicted wavefield once more with the current estimated surface-free Green{\textquoteright}s function at these unobserved locations. We investigate the necessary modifications to the primary estimation algorithm to account for the resulting nonlinearity in the modeling operator, and also demonstrate that just a few scattering terms are enough to satisfactorily mitigate the effects of near-offset data gaps during the inversion process. Numerical experiments on synthetic data show that the final derived method can significantly outperform explicit data reconstruction for large near-offset gaps. This is achieved with a similar computational cost and better memory efficiency compared to explicit data reconstruction. We also show on real data that our scheme outperforms pre-interpolation of the near-offset gap.},
	keywords = {EPSI, multiples, Optimization, REPSI, scattering, sparsity},
	doi = {10.1190/geo2015-0263.1},
	url = {https://slim.gatech.edu/Publications/Public/Journals/Geophysics/2016/lin2015scatterEPSI/lin2015scatterEPSI.html},
	author = {Tim T.Y. Lin and Felix J. Herrmann}
}
@article {tu2015GJIsem,
	title = {Source estimation with surface-related multiples{\textendash}-fast ambiguity-resolved seismic imaging},
	journal = {Geophysical Journal International},
	volume = {205},
	year = {2016},
	note = {(published online in Geophysical Journal International)},
	month = {03},
	pages = {1492-1511},
	abstract = {We address the problem of obtaining a reliable seismic image without prior knowledge of the source wavelet, especially from data that contain strong surface-related multiples. Conventional reverse-time migration requires prior knowledge of the source wavelet, which is either technically or computationally challenging to accurately determine; inaccurate estimates of the source wavelet can result in seriously degraded reverse-time migrated images, and therefore wrong geological interpretations. To solve this problem, we present a "wavelet-free" imaging procedure that simultaneously inverts for the source wavelet and the seismic image, by tightly integrating source estimation into a fast least-squares imaging framework, namely compressive imaging, given a reasonably accurate background velocity model. However, this joint inversion problem is difficult to solve as it is plagued with local minima and the ambiguity with respect to amplitude scalings because of the multiplicative, and therefore nonlinear, appearance of the source wavelet in the otherwise linear formalism. We have found a way to solve this nonlinear joint-inversion problem using a technique called variable projection, and a way to overcome the scaling ambiguity by including surface-related multiples in our imaging procedure following recent developments in surface-related multiple prediction by sparse inversion. As a result, we obtain without prior knowledge of the source wavelet high-resolution seismic images, comparable in quality to images obtained assuming the true source wavelet is known. By leveraging the computationally efficient compressive-imaging methodology, these results are obtained at affordable computational costs compared with conventional processing work flows that include surface-related multiple removal and reverse-time migration.},
	keywords = {computational seismology, free surface, Inverse theory, multiples, seismic imaging, time series analysis, wave propagation},
	url = {https://slim.gatech.edu/Publications/Public/Journals/GeophysicalJournalInternational/2016/tu2015GJIsem/tu2015GJIsem.pdf},
	url2 = {http://gji.oxfordjournals.org/content/205/3/1492.full.pdf?keytype=ref\&ijkey=zFydRGQpiJzeCS9},
	author = {Ning Tu and Aleksandr Y. Aravkin and Tristan van Leeuwen and Tim T.Y. Lin and Felix J. Herrmann}
}
@mastersthesis {lin2015THpes,
	title = {Primary estimation with sparsity-promoting bi-convex optimization},
	year = {2015},
	note = {(PhD)},
	month = {10},
	school = {The University of British Columbia},
	type = {phd},
	address = {Vancouver},
	abstract = {This thesis establishes a novel inversion methodology for the surface-related primaries from a given recorded seismic wavefield, called the Robust Estimation of Primaries by Sparse Inversion (Robust EPSI, or REPSI). Surface-related multiples are a major source of coherent noise in seismic data, and inferring fine geological structures from active-source seismic recordings typically first necessitates its removal or mitigation. For this task, current practice calls for data-driven approaches which produce only approximate multiple models that must be non-linearly subtracted from the data, often distorting weak primary events in the process. A recently proposed method called Estimation of Primaries by Sparse Inversion (EPSI) avoids this adaptive subtraction by directly inverting for a discrete representation of the underlying multiple-free subsurface impulse response as a set of band-limited spikes. However, in its original form, the EPSI algorithm exhibits a few notable shortcomings that impede adoption. Although it was shown that the correct impulse response can be obtained through a sparsest solution criteria, the current EPSI algorithm is not designed to take advantage of this finding, but instead approximates a sparse solution in an ad-hoc manner that requires practitioners to decide on a multitude of inversion parameters. The Robust EPSI method introduced in this thesis reformulates the original EPSI problem as a formal bi-convex optimization problem that makes obtaining the sparsest solution an explicit goal, while also reliably admit satisfactory solutions using contemporary self-tuning gradient methods commonly seen in large-scale machine learning communities. I show that the Robust EPSI algorithm is able to operate successfully on a variety of datasets with minimal user input, while also producing a more accurate model of the subsurface impulse response when compared to the original algorithm. Furthermore, this thesis makes several contributions that improves the capability and practicality of EPSI: a novel scattering-based multiple prediction model that allows Robust EPSI to deal with wider near-offset receiver gaps than previously demonstrated for EPSI, as well as a multigrid-inspired continuation strategy that significantly reduces the computation time needed to solve EPSI-type problems. These additions are enabled by and built upon the formalism of the Robust EPSI as developed in this thesis.},
	keywords = {biconvex, EPSI, inversion, multiples, Optimization, PhD, sparsity},
	url = {https://slim.gatech.edu/Publications/Public/Thesis/2015/lin2015THpes/lin2015THpes.pdf},
	presentation = {https://slim.gatech.edu/Publications/Public/Thesis/2015/lin2015THpes/lin2015THpes_pres.pdf},
	author = {Tim T.Y. Lin}
}
@conference {lin2014SEGmdg,
	title = {Mitigating data gaps in the estimation of primaries by sparse inversion without data reconstruction},
	booktitle = {SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts},
	year = {2014},
	note = {(SEG)},
	month = {10},
	pages = {4157-4161},
	abstract = {We propose to solve the Estimation of Primaries by Sparse Inversion problem from a sesimic record with missing near-offsets and large holes without any explicit data reconstruction, by instead simulating the missing multiple contributions with terms involving auto-convolutions of the primary wavefield. Exclusion of the unknown data as an inversion variable from the REPSI process is desireable, since it eliminates a significant source of local minima that arises from attempting to invert for the unobserved traces using primary and multiple models that may be far-away from the true solution. In this talk we investigate the necessary modifications to the Robust EPSI algorithm to account for the resulting non-linear modeling operator, and demonstrate that just a few auto-convolution terms are enough to satisfactorily mitigate the effects of data gaps during the inversion process.},
	keywords = {algorithm, EPSI, inversion, multiples, REPSI, SEG},
	doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/segam2014-1680.1},
	url = {https://slim.gatech.edu/Publications/Public/Conferences/SEG/2014/lin2014SEGmdg/lin2014SEGmdg.html},
	presentation = {https://slim.gatech.edu/Publications/Public/Conferences/SEG/2014/lin2014SEGmdg/lin2014SEGmdg_pres.pdf},
	author = {Tim T.Y. Lin and Felix J. Herrmann}
}
@conference {lin2014EAGEmas,
	title = {Multilevel acceleration strategy for the robust estimation of primaries by sparse inversion},
	booktitle = {EAGE Annual Conference Proceedings},
	year = {2014},
	month = {06},
	abstract = {We propose a method to substantially reduce the computational costs of the Robust Estimation of Primaries by Sparse Inversion algorithm, based on a multilevel inversion strategy that shifts early iterations of the method to successively coarser spatial sampling grids. This method requires no change in the core implementation of the original algorithm, and additionally only relies on trace decimation, low-pass filtering, and rudimentary interpolation techniques. We furthermore demonstrate with a synthetic seismic line significant computational speedups using this approach.},
	keywords = {EAGE, EPSI, multigrid, multilevel, multiples, multiscale, REPSI},
	doi = {10.3997/2214-4609.20140672},
	url = {https://slim.gatech.edu/Publications/Public/Conferences/EAGE/2014/lin2014EAGEmas/lin2014EAGEmas.pdf},
	presentation = {https://slim.gatech.edu/Publications/Public/Conferences/EAGE/2014/lin2014EAGEmas/lin2014EAGEmas_pres.pdf},
	author = {Tim T.Y. Lin and Felix J. Herrmann}
}
@article {lin2013GEOPrepsi,
	title = {Robust estimation of primaries by sparse inversion via one-norm minimization},
	journal = {Geophysics},
	volume = {78},
	number = {3},
	year = {2013},
	month = {05},
	pages = {R133-R150},
	abstract = {A recently proposed method called estimation of primaries by sparse inversion (EPSI) avoids the need for adaptive subtraction of approximate multiple predictions by directly inverting for the multiple-free subsurface impulse response as a collection of band-limited spikes. Although it can be shown that the correct primary impulse response is obtained through the sparsest possible solution, the original EPSI algorithm was not designed to take advantage of this result, and instead it relies on a multitude of inversion parameters, such as the level of sparsity per gradient update. We proposed and tested a new algorithm, named robust EPSI, in which we make obtaining the sparsest solution an explicit goal. Our approach remains a gradient-based approach like the original algorithm, but it is derived from a new biconvex optimization framework based on an extended basis-pursuit denoising formulation. Furthermore, because it is based on a general framework, robust EPSI can recover the impulse response in transform domains, such as sparsifying curvelet-based representations, without changing the underlying algorithm. We discovered that the sparsity-minimizing objective of our formulation enabled it to operate successfully on a variety of synthetic and field marine data sets without excessive tweaking of inversion parameters. We also found that recovering the solution in alternate sparsity domains can significantly improve the quality of the directly estimated primaries, especially for weaker late-arrival events. In addition, we found that robust EPSI produces a more artifact-free impulse response compared to the original algorithm.},
	keywords = {algorithm, biconvex, EPSI, multiples, Optimization, Pareto, sparsity, waveform inversion},
	doi = {10.1190/geo2012-0097.1},
	url = {https://slim.gatech.edu/Publications/Public/Journals/Geophysics/2013/lin2013GEOPrepsi/lin2013GEOPrepsi.pdf},
	author = {Tim T.Y. Lin and Felix J. Herrmann}
}
