@conference {herrmann2026SIAMGScud,
	title = {Context- and uncertainty-aware Digital Twin for the Optimization of Underground Storage Operations},
	booktitle = {SIAM Geosciences Webinar Series},
	year = {2026},
	month = {5},
	abstract = {Geological Carbon Storage (GCS) is the only truly scalable pathway to net-negative emissions on the path to net-zero, yet ensuring safe, cost-efficient, and verifiable GCS demands far more than static reservoir models. We introduce an uncertainty-aware Digital Twin framework that delivers continuous, probabilistic monitoring of subsurface CO$_{2}$ plume dynamics and enables risk-informed operational decisions in real time. At the core of our approach is a machine-learning-enabled data assimilation framework where Simulation-Based Inference (SBI) replaces linear ensemble Kalman filtering, enabling the framework to handle highly nonlinear CO$_{2}$ dynamics and time-lapse seismic and well-bore observations. This allows the Digital Twin to characterize the full posterior distribution of reservoir states{\textemdash}fluid saturations and pressures{\textemdash}conditioned on multimodal time-lapse observations from imaged surface seismic data and well measurements. The framework operates recursively: neural networks are trained offline on ensembles of simulated reservoir states and simulated observations, capturing complex nonlinear subsurface dynamics and observations. Once trained, the Digital Twin assimilates incoming field data in near real-time, continuously updating the probabilistic reservoir model as new measurements arrive. By maintaining a probabilistic rather than deterministic view of reservoir state, our Digital Twin enables decision-making under uncertainty{\textemdash}optimizing CO$_{2}$ injection schedules while managing the risk of exceeding critical fracture pressures, and identifying monitoring strategies that maximally reduce uncertainty. Validated on realistic numerical simulations of GCS scenarios, this framework offers a concrete path toward safer, more transparent, and verifiable Geological Carbon Storage operations.},
	keywords = {Amortized Variational Inference, Bayesian inference, CIG, conditional normalizing flows, data assimilation, deep learning, digital twin, experimental design, GCS, Imaging, Inverse problems, permeability, reservoir simulation, rock physics, RTM, SIAMGS, SLIM, Summary Statistics, Uncertainty quantification},
	url = {https://slim.gatech.edu/Publications/Public/Conferences/SIAMGS/2026/herrmann2026SIAMGScud},
	author = {Abhinav Prakash Gahlot and Haoyun Li and Rafael Orozco and Ziyi Yin and Felix J. Herrmann}
}
@conference {herrmann2025AIDT4EScad,
	title = {Context-aware Digital Twin for Underground Storage},
	booktitle = {Artificial Intelligence and Digital Twins for Earth Systems 2025, Austin, TX},
	year = {2025},
	month = {9},
	keywords = {AIDT4ES, Amortized Variational Inference, Bayesian inference, conditional normalizing flows, data assimilation, deep learning, digital twin, experimental design, GCS, Imaging, Inverse problems, permeability, reservoir simulation, rock physics, RTM, Summary Statistics, Uncertainty quantification},
	url = {https://slim.gatech.edu/Publications/Public/Conferences/AIDT4ES/2025/herrmann2025AIDT4EScad},
	author = {Abhinav Prakash Gahlot and Haoyun Li and Ipsita Bhar and Huseyin Tuna Erdinc and Rafael Orozco and Ziyi Yin and Felix J. Herrmann}
}
@conference {herrmann2025IMSIcad,
	title = {Context-Aware Digital Twin for Underground Storage Operations and Decision Making},
	booktitle = {Data Assimilation and Inverse Problems for Digital Twins Workshop 205, IMSI, Chicago},
	year = {2025},
	month = {10},
	keywords = {Amortized Variational Inference, Bayesian inference, conditional normalizing flows, data assimilation, decision making, digital twin, experimental design, GCS, Imaging, Inverse problems, permeability, reservoir simulation, rock physics, RTM, Summary Statistics, Uncertainty quantification},
	url = {https://slim.gatech.edu/Publications/Public/Conferences/IMSI/2025/herrmann2025IMSIcad},
	author = {Abhinav Prakash Gahlot and Haoyun Li and Ipsita Bhar and Huseyin Tuna Erdinc and Rafael Orozco and Ziyi Yin and Felix J. Herrmann}
}
@conference {yin2024MINESGIGACO2cpi,
	title = {Coupled Permeability Inversion from Time-Lapse Seismic Data},
	booktitle = {Geophysical Research for Gigatonnes CO2 Storage, Colorado School of Mines},
	year = {2024},
	month = {7},
	keywords = {coupled inversion, end-to-end, fluid-flow, GCS, inversion, monitoring},
	url = {https://slim.gatech.edu/Publications/Public/Conferences/MINESGIGACO2/2024/yin2024MINESGIGACO2cpi},
	author = {Ziyi Yin and Mathias Louboutin and Olav M{\o}yner and Felix J. Herrmann}
}
@conference {yin2023IMAGEcpi,
	title = {Coupled physics inversion for geological carbon storage monitoring},
	booktitle = {International Meeting for Applied Geoscience and Energy},
	year = {2023},
	note = {(IMAGE, Houston)},
	month = {08},
	abstract = {Understanding CO2 plume behavior is key to the success of geological carbon storage projects. While two-phase flow equations provide a good model to make predictions on future CO2 plume behavior, these equations rely on having access to the true permeability model. Unfortunately, accurate information on the permeability is unavailable, which greatly jeopardizes our ability to predict CO2 plume behavior. To overcome this problem, we estimate the permeability from time-lapse seismic data via a coupled inversion methodology that improve as more monitoring data becomes available over time.},
	keywords = {CCS, coupled inversion, end-to-end, fluid-flow, inversion, monitoring, SEG},
	url = {https://slimgroup.github.io/IMAGE2023/yin2023IMAGEend2end/abstract.html},
	presentation = {https://slim.gatech.edu/Publications/Public/Conferences/SEG/2023/yin2023IMAGEcpi},
	author = {Ziyi Yin and Mathias Louboutin and Olav M{\o}yner and Felix J. Herrmann}
}
@conference {yin2021SEGcts,
	title = {Compressive time-lapse seismic monitoring of carbon storage and sequestration with the joint recovery model},
	booktitle = {SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts},
	year = {2021},
	note = {(IMAGE, Denver)},
	month = {09},
	pages = {3434-3438},
	abstract = {Time-lapse seismic monitoring of carbon storage and sequestration is often challenging because the time-lapse signature of the growth of CO$_2$ plumes is weak in amplitude and therefore difficult to detect seismically. This situation is compounded by the fact that the surveys are often coarsely sampled and not replicated to reduce costs. As a result, images obtained for different vintages (baseline and monitor surveys) often contain artifacts that may be attributed wrongly to time-lapse changes. To address these issues, we propose to invert the baseline and monitor surveys jointly. By using the joint recovery model, we exploit information shared between multiple time-lapse surveys. Contrary to other time-lapse methods, our approach does not rely on replicating the surveys to detect time-lapse changes. To illustrate this advantage, we present a numerical sensitivity study where CO$_2$ is injected in a realistic synthetic model. This model is representative of the geology in the southeast of the North Sea, an area currently considered for carbon sequestration. Our example demonstrates that the joint recovery model improves the quality of time-lapse images allowing us to monitor the CO$_2$ plume seismically.},
	keywords = {CCS, Compressive Sensing, Imaging, JRM, marine, SEG, time-lapse},
	doi = {10.1190/segam2021-3569087.1},
	url = {https://slim.gatech.edu/Publications/Public/Conferences/SEG/2021/yin2021SEGcts/yin2021SEGcts.html},
	presentation = {https://slim.gatech.edu/Publications/Public/Conferences/SEG/2021/yin2021SEGcts/Tue-9-28-Yin.html},
	url2 = {https://slim.gatech.edu/Publications/Public/Conferences/SEG/2021/yin2021SEGcts/yin2021SEGcts.mp4},
	software = {https://github.com/slimgroup/Software.SEG2021},
	author = {Ziyi Yin and Mathias Louboutin and Felix J. Herrmann}
}
